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辽河流域六价铬和无机汞应急水质标准研究

闫振广,刘征涛

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第3期页码 26-32

摘要：

针对辽河流域的特征污染物六价铬和无机汞，广泛搜集、筛选了水生生物的急性毒性数据，对国际物种敏感度分布（SSD）主流方法的基准计算结果进行了评价。基于评价结果，以澳大利亚和新西兰的SSD技术为基础，初步建立了综合的应急水质标准方法学。将受污染物暴露胁迫的水生生物比例达到5 %、15 %、30 %和50 %时对应的生态风险级别分别设定为I级、II级、III级和IV级，且对应于4级应急水质标准。推算了六价铬和无机汞的辽河流域应急水质标准限值，提出了相应的流域风险指示生物。结果表明，六价铬的4级应急水质标准分别为2.85 μg/L、21.0 μg/L、161 μg/L和797 μg/L，风险指示生物为溞类（II级）、青虾（III级）和鳙鱼或蝌蚪（IV级）；无机汞的4级应急水质标准分别为0.59 μg/L、2.32 μg/L、6.25 μg/L和15.6 μg/L，风险指示生物为鲫鱼或溞类（II级）、青虾（III级）、水丝蚓或蟹类（IV级），为突发性水环境污染事故风险分析提供了参考。

关键词：辽河流域六价铬无机汞应急水质标准风险指示生物

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A review of hydrological/water-quality models

Liangliang GAO,Daoliang LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 267-276 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014041

摘要： Water quality models are important in predicting the changes in surface water quality for environmental management. A range of water quality models are wildly used, but every model has its advantages and limitations for specific situations. The aim of this review is to provide a guide to researcher for selecting a suitable water quality model. Eight well known water quality models were selected for this review: SWAT, WASP, QUALs, MIKE 11, HSPF, CE-QUAL-W2, ELCOM-CAEDYM and EFDC. Each model is described according to its intended use, development, simulation elements, basic principles and applicability (e.g., for rivers, lakes, and reservoirs and estuaries). Currently, the most important trends for future model development are: (1) combination models—individual models cannot completely solve the complex situations so combined models are needed to obtain the most appropriate results, (2) application of artificial intelligence and mechanistic models combined with non-mechanistic models will provide more accurate results because of the realistic parameters derived from non-mechanistic models, and (3) integration with remote sensing, geographical information and global position systems (3S) —3S can solve problems requiring large amounts of data.

关键词： water quality models applications future trends

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浅谈特大跨径桥梁工程专项质量检验评定标准编制中需要注意的几个问题

蒋波,冯兆祥

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第4期页码 104-107

摘要：

以《泰州长江公路大桥工程专项质量检验评定标准》编制为背景，介绍了特大跨径桥梁工程专项检验评定标准编制中需要注意的几个问题，提出针对这些问题的理解和体会，为今后特大跨径桥梁工程专项检验评定标准编制提供借鉴。

关键词：桥梁泰州大桥质量检验评定标准编制

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Pilot study for the treatment of sodium and fluoride-contaminated groundwater by using high-pressure membrane systems

Xiaomao WANG,Hongwei YANG,Zhenyu LI,Shaoxia YANG,Yuefeng XIE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 155-163 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0740-3

摘要： High-pressure membrane process is one of the cost-effective technologies for the treatment of groundwater containing excessive dissolved solids. This paper reports a pilot study in treating a typical groundwater in Huaibei Plain containing excessive sodium, sulfate and fluoride ions. Three membrane systems were set up and two brands of reverse osmosis (RO), four low-pressure RO (LPRO) and one tight nanofiltration (NF) membranes were tested under this pilot study. An apparent recovery rate at about 75% was adopted. Cartridge filtration, in combination with dosing antiscalent, was not sufficient to reduce the fouling potential of the raw water. All RO and LPRO systems (except for the two severely affected by membrane fouling) demonstrated similar rejection ratios of the conductivity (~98.5%), sodium (~98.5%) and fluoride (~99%). Membrane fouling substantially reduced the rejection performance of the fouled membranes. The tight NF membrane also had a good rejection on conductivity (95%), sodium (94%) and fluoride (95%). All membranes rejected sulfate ion almost completely (more than 99%). The electricity consumptions for the RO, LPRO and NF systems were 1.74, 1.10 and 0.72 kWh?m treated water, respectively. The estimated treatment costs by using typical RO, LPRO and tight NF membrane systems were 1.21, 0.98 and 0.96 CNY?m finished water, respectively. A treatment process consisting of either LPRO or tight NF facilities following multi-media filtration was suggested.

关键词： reverse osmosis (RO) nanofiltration (NF) water quality standards sodium fluoride cost estimation

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生态文明高质量发展标准体系问题及实施路径

蔡文博,徐卫华,杨宁,郭小勇,欧阳志云

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 40-45 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.014

摘要：

高质量发展是我国现阶段生态文明建设的核心要求，发挥生态文明建设标准体系的引领作用对于支撑高质量发展具有重要价值。本文梳理了生态文明高质量发展建设的战略需求、生态文明建设标准体系的理论和实践进展，凝练了标准体系构建和实施中存在重点领域标准缺失、实施率不高等问题；对照《生态文明建设标准体系发展行动指南（2018—2020 年）》，研究了标准体系框架和内容的调整优化建议，就体系中亟需加强的重点领域提出实施路径。研究建议，构建生态产品价值实现标准体系，支撑生态经济发展；优化生态和环境质量标准体系，保障国家生态安全；完善陆地和海洋标准体系，支撑国土空间布局；建立绿色生活标准体系，规范生态文化建设。

关键词：生态文明建设高质量发展标准体系生态产品价值实现

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SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATION OF WATER QUALITY AND ALGAL BIOMASS IN ERHAI LAKE AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第4期页码 566-578 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023520

摘要：

Elucidating the spatiotemporal pattern of water quality and algal biomass is crucial for accurately tracing pollution sources and reducing the risk of algal blooms in lake systems. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal variability of water quality and algal biomass in Erhai Lake from 1994 to 2021 using water quality index (WQI), Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope combined methods. The potential causes of water quality deterioration and algal biomass dynamics were also elucidated. The results showed that the historical changes in the water environment of Erhai Lake mainly had three stages: satisfactory (1994‒2001), deteriorating (2002‒2010) and improving (2011‒2021). The changes in water quality and algal biomass were primarily affected by total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand in different stages. The water environment of Erhai Lake is currently improving significantly, starting in the southern area that is furthest from the sources of agricultural pollution, especially in summer and autumn. This is attributed to the implementation of control measures resulting in lower pollutant loads at particular times and places. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to promote standardized livestock farming, to strengthen rural wastewater collection and to investigate measures such as the interruption of the endogenous cycle.

关键词： Erhai Lake control measures water environment water quality index (WQI)

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Modeling effects of a tidal barrage on water quality indicator distribution in the Severn Estuary

Guanghai GAO, Roger A. FALCONER, Binliang LIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 211-218 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0464-1

摘要： In this study, emphasis has focused on assessing the potential hydro-environmental impacts of a barrage across the Severn Estuary, with a numerical model being developed and applied to the estuary to assess the impacts of proposed Severn Barrage on the hydrodynamic, sediment transport and faecal indicator organism distribution within the estuary. The results show that the Severn Barrage has the potential to reduce the tidal currents in a highly dynamic estuary. This leads to the reduction of suspended sediment concentrations, which in turn affects the bacterial transport processes which is highly related to the sediment transport processes.

关键词： water quality indicator Severn Estuary numerical model tidal energy

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Relationships of nitrous oxide fluxes with water quality parameters in free water surface constructed

Juan WU, Jian ZHANG, Wenlin JIA, Huijun XIE, Bo ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 241-247 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0023-6

摘要： The effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in the influent on nitrous oxide (N O) emissions, together with the relationships between N O and water quality parameters in free water surface constructed wetlands, were investigated with laboratory-scale systems. N O emission and purification performance of wastewater were very strongly dependent on COD concentration in the influent, and the total N O emission in the system with middle COD influent concentration was the least. The relationships between N O and the chemical and physical water quality variables were studied by using principal component scores in multiple linear regression analysis to predict N O flux. The multiple linear regression model against principal components indicated that different water parameters affected N O flux with different COD concentrations in the influent, but nitrate nitrogen affected N O flux in all systems.

关键词： free water surface constructed wetland nitrous oxide emission water quality parameter principal component analysis multiple linear regression

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我国国家质量基础设施发展战略研究

宫轲楠,于连超,徐学林

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 46-52 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.015

摘要：

国家质量基础设施（NQI）是一个国家高质量发展的技术基础，是国家创新体系的重要组成部分。提升国家质量基础设施的技术能力和管理水平是支撑科技强国、质量强国建设的关键手段。开展国家质量基础设施发展战略研究，对支撑我国从大国向强国转变具有重要战略意义。本文系统分析了国内外质量基础设施发展现状以及存在的问题，研究提出了我国国家质量基础设施发展战略的总体思路、发展目标和发展方向，从明确国家质量基础设施的战略定位，优化国家质量基础设施组织体系建设，夯实国家质量基础设施基础及系统性服务，加强国家质量基础设施多元化投入保障，推动国家质量基础设施国际交流合作等方面提出政策及保障措施建议，以期为我国国家质量基础设施的科学发展提供支撑和参考。

关键词：国家质量基础设施，标准，计量，认证认可，检验检测

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Human health ambient water quality criteria for 13 heavy metals and health risk assessment in Taihu Lake

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1475-6

摘要：

• The concentrations of 13 heavy metals in Taihu Lake were analyzed.

关键词： Heavy metals Human health ambient water quality criteria Taihu Lake Health risk assessment Contribution rate

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Effects of water quality on the coagulation performances of humic acids irradiated with UV light

Wendong WANG,Qinghai FAN,Zixia QIAO,Qin YANG,Yabo WANG,Xiaochang WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 147-154 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0749-7

摘要： The presence of humic acid in drinking water treatment has received significant attention in recent years because of its adverse effects on the removal of many pollutants in coagulation. In this paper, the effects of water quality including pH, turbidity, alkalinity, and hardness on the removal of humic acid were investigated in a UV light hybridized coagulation process. Our results suggested that UV light radiation could effectively improve the removal rate of humic acid in coagulation under both neutral and basic conditions, and the variations of the selected water quality parameters had little adverse effect on the function of UV light. After UV light radiation, the removal rate of the nitro-humic acid (NHA) increased from 20% to 60% in coagulation, and increased further to 75% and 85% for the raw waters with 10.0 NTU kaolin and 100 mg·L hardness, respectively. In addition to NHA, the removal rates of the humic acid extracted from peat coal (PHA) and the humic acid provided by Japan metals and chemicals company (JHA) in coagulation were also improved, both in the range of 80%–90% after undergoing UV light radiation. By changing the radiation location from prior to coagulation to the flocculation process, similar experimental results were obtained. The formation of positive charged sites after UV light radiation was considered to be the primary factor that led to an enhanced removal of the humic acid in coagulation.

关键词： coagulation drinking water humic acid UV light radiation water quality

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A novel hybrid model for water quality prediction based on VMD and IGOA optimized for LSTM

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1688-y

摘要：

● A novel VMD-IGOA-LSTM model has proposed for the prediction of water quality.

关键词： Water quality prediction Grasshopper optimization algorithm Variational mode decomposition Long short-term memory neural network

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Temporal dimension and water quality control in an emission trading scheme based on water environmental

Zhaoxing HAN, Zhenyao SHEN, Yongwei GONG, Qian HONG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 119-129 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0272-z

摘要： Emission trading is one of the most effective alternatives to controlling water pollution. Water environmental functional zone (WEFZ) is used to determine the water quality standard and identify the zone boundary for each river or reach. In this study, a new emission trading scheme was addressed based on WEFZ, accounting for both the temporal dimension and water quality control. A temporal factor of emission trading was proposed based on variations in the environmental capacity within a year by dividing the year into three periods, including high, normal, and low periods of environmental capacity. During each period, emission trading was implemented exclusively. A water quality-control scheme was suggested based on the water quality requirement in the water functional zone, in which the water quality at the downstream boundary of the zone was required to meet the water standard following auto-purification in the stream. Two methods of calculating water quality control are addressed for point-source pollution and non-point-source pollution. The calculated temporal dimension and water quality control were located in Dongxi River of the Daning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed. The high period was during June, July, and August, the normal period was during April, May, September, and October, and the low period was during January, February, March, November, and December. The results from the water quality calculation demonstrated that the discharge of point-source and non-point-source pollutions led to an excess of common contaminants at the downstream boundary of WEFZ. The temporal and spatial factors above should be incorporated into the emission trading scheme based on WEFZ.

关键词： emission trading water functional zone water quality control

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Toxicity-oriented water quality engineering

Shengkun Dong, Chenyue Yin, Xiaohong Chen

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1259-4

摘要： • Toxicity-oriented water quality monitoring was proposed. • Toxicity-oriented water quality engineering control was proposed. • Future issues to the proposition were discussed. The fundamental goal of water quality engineering is to ensure water safety to humans and the environment. Traditional water quality engineering consists of monitoring, evaluation, and control of key water quality parameters. This approach provides some vital insights into water quality, however, most of these parameters do not account for pollutant mixtures – a reality that terminal water users face, nor do most of these parameters have a direct connection with the human health safety of waters. This puts the real health-specific effects of targeted water pollutant monitoring and engineering control in question. To focus our attention to one of the original goals of water quality engineering – human health and environmental protection, we advocate here the toxicity-oriented water quality monitoring and control. This article presents some of our efforts toward such goal. Specifically, complementary to traditional water quality parameters, we evaluated the water toxicity using high sensitivity toxicological endpoints, and subsequently investigated the performance of some of the water treatment strategies in modulating the water toxicity. Moreover, we implemented the toxicity concept into existing water treatment design theory to facilitate toxicity-oriented water quality control designs. Suggestions for the next steps are also discussed. We hope our work will intrigue water quality scientists and engineers to improve and embrace the mixture water pollutant and toxicological evaluation and engineering control.

关键词： Water Wastewater Mixture Toxicity Monitor Control

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支撑高质量发展的标准体系战略研究

干勇,尹伟伦,王海舟,陈学东,范维澄,林忠钦,欧阳志云

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 1-7 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.001

摘要：

支撑高质量发展标准体系是立足于“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”发展理念，支撑我国经济、社会、生态全方位高质量发展的标准体系。开展支撑高质量发展标准体系战略研究，对于推动经济发展、生态环境质量以及社会治理水平具有重要的基础性、引领性、战略性作用，对于更好满足人民美好生活需要具有重要意义。本文系统分析了高质量发展的内涵、支撑高质量发展标准体系的内涵及特征，研究了高质量发展标准体系与现有标准体系的区别，聚焦农业、制造业、服务业、社会治理、生态文明等重点领域，以2025 年和2035 年为时间节点，研究梳理支撑高质量发展的标准体系建设阶段性主攻方向及实施路径，并从顶层设计、标准化政策、标准化能力提升和标准化人员等方面提出对策建议，以期为我国农业、制造业、服务业、社会治理、生态文明发展和政府有关部门提供决策参考。

关键词：高质量发展，标准体系，农业，制造业，服务业，社会治理，生态文明

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标题作者时间类型操作

辽河流域六价铬和无机汞应急水质标准研究

闫振广,刘征涛

期刊论文

A review of hydrological/water-quality models

Liangliang GAO,Daoliang LI

期刊论文

浅谈特大跨径桥梁工程专项质量检验评定标准编制中需要注意的几个问题

蒋波,冯兆祥

期刊论文